Scenario Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Scenario - Essay Example Symond’s case will be discussed. First, it will be discussed what the teleology and deontology are—followed by the definitions for assault, battery, false imprisonment, and negligence. The teleology of what occurred, or what was the end process, was abuse. The deontology of what occurred, or what was the duty of obligation—were principles that were violated. Assault is defined as a tort of violence against someone. Battery is defined as unlawful physical contact (Staunton & Chiarella, Pp. 25). False imprisonment is being held against one’s will. Negligence is failing to act upon one’s duty of care. III. Theory and Principle (300 words) Ms. Symond’s case is a classic case of elder abuse. According to Green (2003), â€Å"Despite growing concern about the problem, most countries have not passed specific elder abuse legislation† (Green, Pp.118). In theory, and in principle, there are so many things wrong with this situation that the list i s seemingly endless. Regarding the theory and principles to be set forth, there were so many things wrong with this scenario. The patient’s rights were violated in many ways, which is the main principle or theory that, based on a moral model, would have been inexcusable had this happened in real life in any type of care setting—whether it be in the home, in the hospital, or in a nursing home. Allison left no written directives with her organization. According to Breen et al. (2010), â€Å"In all instances†¦verbal instructions must be confirmed in writing within 24 hours or as soon as is practicable† (Breen & Plueckhahn, Pp.288). Using the moral model, one sees that the various ethical dilemmas that are involved in this entire schema which was set up to analyse. Of course, it is not practical that one nurse should have had to deal with a woman who was a bit unstable as Ms. Symond. However, that was no excuse to leave the woman’s home, leaving her basi cally helpless, while she (the new nurse, Allison) went to lunch and expected someone else (a neighbour) to take care of poor Ms. Symond. In any case, based upon the moral model, Ms. Symond was done an utter injustice. In principle, everyone who can be blamed for her negligence should be sued with every last stripe of the law that applies to her situation. She was a victim of elder abuse, and no one should have to weather such a horrible experience—as it stands (Skene, Pp. 123). IV. Torts (900 words) Regarding torts, first of all, the nurse named Allison should be charged with neglect due to her lack of duty of care on the part of Ruth, the patient. She should not have forced any kind of treatment on Ruth—even if she thought it was best for her to do a compression dressing. Instead, Allison should have followed Ruth’s directives or wishes unless she did not have the power of attorney. It was very careless of Allison to simply tell Ruth that she would leave her w alker out in the hallway till someone came back around lunchtime—a neighbour, no less—to check up on her. That nurse was so careless that she should be stripped of her licensure due to that foul-up. As a result, when trying to go to the bathroom, Ruth slipped and received a laceration—which is a deep cut—on her head. Not only this, but Ruth was also attended to by careless paramedics who didn’t transfer her over to the appropriate care unit until she was discovered some time later, not having been attended to yet. Both on the parts of Allison and the

Construction ICT Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Construction ICT - Research Proposal Example In this section I will talk about the main problem situation regarding the lacking of implementation in the construction process and management. In this section I will discuss about the main problem situation and its possible effects regarding the effective construction process management and handling. The trouble that causes a serious hurdle in the construction industry is the lack of the communication. In this scenario the worker and management are ignorant to the in progress state of the development of the construction site. We also have less interaction in case of the on site construction management. Then we have a most important problem on the subject of the data transfer. In the absence of the ICT tools it is tremendously complicated to supervise and handle the construction process. The on time data movement is really indispensable for on time project handling. For instance we have traced a new alignment regarding roof settlement. This data requires instantaneous transfer to access the new construction strategy or handling information. There is also the main problem regarding the less effective management of the overall human resource on the site. In the presence of the ICT tools we would be able to handle the overall workforce in a better way. The customary way of construction lacks the on site labour communication and handling of the overall construction resource. Next main problem in absence of ICT tools is regarding the effective resource management and handling on the site. In this scenario the construction site resources are managed manually that is more time consuming and complicated task. In the field construction we have no observation means for the overall workforce performance. This means that workers are working in separation and there is no check on their performance assessment. The automotive vehicle tracking and management is not possible in the overall scenario. IT in Construction In this section I will talk about the implementation of the most modern developed information based technology in the construction industry. This technology has changed the on the whole working structure and configuration of the construction market. "Now the methods of construction engross more enhanced tools and techniques regarding the overall development of the construction business" (Sarshar et al, 2004). This carrying out of the information technology in the field of construction business projected an innovative approach to enhance the construction developments in the course of utilization of mobility and information technology. This policy intended to build up effectiveness, consequently, reducing expenditure as well as time of the resources facilities procurement practice. It is as well intended to build up the freedom of a structuring or capability, meeting customers' needs. The role of ICT in the vision of the construction business was presented, and a multi step technique was planned for carrying about a balanced acceptance through the business of IT (Arayici et al, 2005). ICT based technology All the way through the world the majority of the organizations accept as true that the effectual utilization of

Sports Health System: Yin Yang and Balance

Sports Health System: Yin Yang and Balance Keywords: Yin and yang, balance perspective, health, sports system, analytic. Abstract. Traditional sports health is an integral part of Chinese culture, Chinese civilization is accompanied by a process to produce, to grow up. It has self-cultivation, physical fitness and longevity effect. Unfortunately, despite thousands of years of traditional sports health practice, the formation of a rich health ideas, but these traditional sports health mind, like scattered pearls scattered in the literature and practice of traditional sports health, without to pick up a bunch of dressed form traditional sports regimen thought a monograph system. Based on this, the present study the history of ideas as a starting point for a study of traditional sports and health aspects of the history of ideas, aimed at the formation of traditional sports and health history of ideas monographs, traditional sports for the rich theory of health and promote the further development of traditional sports health theoretical system of scientific value. We life philosophy, yin and yang sports co ncept of yin and yang as the number concept of yin and yang concept of information four angles, analyzes the theory of Yin and Yang. Introduction Traditional Chinese yin-yang theory contains rich philosophical implication, comprising: a split into two views, the universal point of view, the unity of views. Yin and yang philosophy is characterized by: emphasis on complementary and symbiotic, the pursuit of harmony and balance. Advocating complementary symbiosis, harmony and balance of yin and yang theory of building a harmonious society for our valuable intellectual resources and useful lessons: between people, between people and society, between man and nature, and even countries, ethnic and between peoples are complementary symbiotic relationship of yin and yang, should mutual benefits and common development. The idea is a guide to action and ideological confusion is bound to make the practice a loss or misguided actions. In contrast the current traditional sports health field, it is the people in the Traditional Health ideological confusion, leading to reality indiscriminate white, as long as something about the health of the people will not and will pack the reception, it will make the name of those traditional sports health charlatan trick in reality is often successful in academia, scholars and no history of Traditional Sports Regimen systematic theoretical thinking salvage and through her. However, the traditional PE idea is the lifeblood of traditional sports health, domination and influence the development of traditional sports of health. Thus, carding, research, history and traditional sports health science ideological construct, helps to clarify the reality to help people confused thinking about the health of the traditional sports, traditional sports to establish a correct conce pt of health, scientific fitness, consciously resist and Identification in reality those charlatans traditional Sports regimen trick, governance, health rectify the current traditional sports market cohabitation phenomenon, thus contributing to the establishment of an orderly, healthy, traditional sports health science market, promote the traditional sports health science and sustainable development and promote socialism with Chinese characteristics and the construction of spiritual civilization development. Based on the current health status of the field of traditional sports, the present study the history of ideas as a fulcrum, traditional sports health research through the system, so as to promote the traditional health, science and sustainable development of sports as well as deep understanding of the experience of the essence of traditional sports fitness regimen are It has important significance. The concept is a reflection of the nature of things. Study of a thing, we must first clearly reflect the concept of the object attributes, in order to accurately grasp the thing. Thought History Traditional Sports Regimen study we must first grasp and understand the concept of traditional health, and traditional sports. Traditional health is in constant interaction theory and practice, the prevention of diseases, conservation practices and life longevity. Traditional health practice activities cover a wide range, almost covered in human clothing, food, shelter, and all aspects of the line. Traditional sports health, meaning from the point of view, consists of two parts, traditional sports and health. Refers to traditional sports originated in the land of China, is still circulating in some sports. Figure.1 Yin-Yang The Proposed Methodology Yin and Yang theory.In ancient China, the meaning is that yin and yang support or oppose sunshine, sunshine toward the side of the male, the female is carrying a sunshine side. Later, with the yin and yang refers to two state two opposing air or gas. Traditional yin and yang said, has three meanings: First, yin and yang strength, everything from sexual intercourse. The second refers to different physical properties, such as support or oppose, light and shade, the actual situation, rigid, positive and negative, up and down movement, bump and so on. Third means different things, such as heaven and earth, sun and moon, male and female, dorsal and ventral, etc., as well as advance and retreat, gain and loss, success and failure, changes, life and death, growth and decline, and so on. Because of yin and yang, meaning very broad, so it is everywhere. In short, the meaning of yin and yang contains very extensive, refers both to the yin and yang of two different strengths, but also refers to different physical properties and opposite things. It can be up and down, inside and outside, day and night, in time, on the spring and autumn, summer and winter, the weight of the severity of the state of motion of the space on behalf of the movement, advance and retreat, lifting, heaven and earth, of all things, there are two different yin and yang Attributes. In traditional Chinese culture, the two actually become the yin and yang symbol, representing the opposite but complementary sides. Universal perspective.In the doctrine of yin and yang, yin and yang properties universal as Yin and yang properties is not limited to a particular thing, but generally exists in a variety of things and phenomena of nature and human society, among representatives of the two opposite but complementary to each other. Yin and yang theory that, regardless of the sun and the moon celestial run, day and night alternate seasons, climate, cold and heat, or the human tissue structure and functional status, and other things or phenomena, are opposite and complementary in development and change, and that everything can according to certain properties, or belong to a female, or a home in the sun and thus, the properties of the yin and yang of things universal significance. Therefore, in traditional Chinese philosophy, phenomena and laws of motion of all things, can be summarized with a yin and yang to the yin and yang is a fundamental law of nature, growth and development of all things, the root causes of the decline of the change is to change the motion of matter master. Life Philosophy.During ancient human cognition of things, and gradually we realize that all things are there are two conflicting aspects can be divided into two: one with a universal movement, change, light, floating up, warm, clear light and other attributes that positive things; and those generally have a stationary, stable, supple, dark, settlement, cold, muddy and other attributes, namely negative things. The one thing the two sides against each other, and a look into two, which is epistemological progress; to apply this knowledge sublimation observe everything, which is epistemological leap that the philosophy of dialectical outlook. The medical use of the human form into the outer yang, yin inside, for the sun, under the shade, the sun is back, abdomen, yin; the internal organs into the dirty yin, yang organs; divided into the yin ; then in the physiology, pathology, diagnosis, treatment and other aspects of yin and yang theory as the key link, filled with a divided mind II con structed dialectical mode. Yin and Yang as the concept of number is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine theory of yin and yang, occupies a prominent place in Chinese culture, it has been widely used in physiology, pathology, diagnosis and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine and other aspects. Yin and yang Movement View. The origin of life is movement, that movement of yin and yang, it is an important concept of motion systems important points of yin and yang theory of traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese medicine is epistemological. According to sports concept, promoted yang, yin reduced; Yang day, night is yin; Yang spring and summer, autumn and winter Yin, day and night, four oclock this yin and yang, yin and yang are reflected in the motion the process of change and status. Traditional Health. It should be noted that not all the traditional sports are the traditional means of health, with a blend of the relationship between them. Traditional sports are a major source of the traditional cultural health of the formation and development of the primary means of traditional health derived from traditional sports, but not all traditional sports. Only those with a slow, even as the leading form of physical activity, focusing internally and externally, to restore his health, improve quality of life and the pursuit of longevity as the leading feature of traditional sports events in order to become an important means of conventional regimen. In addition, the cultural property should be attributed to traditional sports sports category, rather than the traditional home health category. Given the traditional sports and traditional health of this relationship, we study the history of traditional sports health care thought impossible to traditional sports content are included in the category of traditional health, traditional health lessons of traditional sports, there is a culture of its own screening process. From the perspective of modern disciplines, traditional sports health is an interdisciplinary, involving traditional health science, exercise physiology, sports science and other disciplines, is an emerging interdisciplinary subject. Unlike traditional sports Health sports. As we all know, in addition to enhance physical fitness sports, culture Willpower and other functions, it also has a strong confrontational and competitive nature. Health Thought. Health roots of traditional sports culture is the traditional thinking in interactive and traditional culture, the traditional health formed his own ideas trajectory. It has become a heritage in the heart practitioners, practitioners and rooted in the ideas of having a sense of cultural stable structure, dominates the behavior of health practitioners. However, due to many reasons, these shining light of the wisdom of traditional sports health thought so far have not been the academic attention they deserve. With the continuous development of the times, the scientific concept of fitness urgently calling us to seek wisdom from a fitness regimen of traditional sports. French thinker Pascal once said, man is a reed, the most feeble thing in nature; but he is a thinking reed do not need the whole universe to take up arms to destroy him; breath , a drop of water is enough to cause him the doom, however, even if the universe were to crush him, man would still be better than that which killed him something much more noble; because he knew himself to death, and the universe he has the advantage over, and this universe is unknown. Type health preservation is a simple fitness philosophy of ancient people in the long life practice gradually formed. Its basic connotation is strong outside the body, resting in the spirit, body and spirit were raised to accommodate in the exercise of its principles, blood circulation for the purpose of exercise and fitness inner mechanism. Traditional sports regimen in ancient philosophy on the basis of absorbing, construct his own philosophical theory of yin and yang theory, five elements theory, the formation of its own cultural characteristics, it is a way of life of the Chinese nation. Research literature in this regard can be studied, and the theory provides us with an explanatory power of the framework and documentation material. However, the literature most remain in the general level of theoretical interpretation, mechanically apply some ancient data to the traditional health said doubting its mysterious, practical significance needs to be strengthened, so that the lack of research results more convincing and credible . With the era of progress, science and technology, peoples traditional sports health ideology are constantly updated in a timely manner reasonably absorb some of the methods of modern science and technology to guide the practice of traditional sports health, enhance the scientific nature of traditional sports of health. Therefore, I believe that these scientific and technological development with the times and constantly walked Traditional Sports Regimen in new ideas, in this study should be given in a timely manner to extract and upgrade traditional sports as a new health ideas, in order to better serve the traditional health practice. At present, the academic study of traditional sports regimen thought mostly scattered. The main performance is: some simply move the traditional Chinese philosophy and culture of some ideas, from the traditional health practice; some even a little experience is their practice, did not rise to the level of theory. This makes the traditional health ideological theory and practice of separation, leading to traditional health thought realistic outcome is neither able to establish the system, we can not give full play to the interaction between theory and practice. Such research out of traditional sports regimen idea is not a system of thought. Therefore, I believe that the current situation of the traditional health research idea provides both for space research and some creative literature, but also to study the construction of the traditional sports regimen thought to provide a lesson, a warning not to repeat the academic author thought studies physical health has been in the past. Conclusion We need to study traditional sports disciplines with health theory and methods of modern physiology, modern medicine. We analyzed by studying the theory of traditional sports and health literature and the history of ideas using the general research methods to explore the historical trajectory of Chinese traditional sports regimen thought development and construction of the theoretical framework. Help people establish a correct concept of health of traditional sports, traditional sports health practices conducted science. Sports health system contribute to help people establish a correct concept of traditional sports health, guide people to identify traditional sports health exercises and compose scientific merits of reasonable health traditional sportive physical therapy, scientific fitness. By helping people to establish a correct concept of traditional sports health, help purify the current confusion of traditional sports health market, a healthy regimen of traditional sports marke t, and promote the healthy development of traditional sports and health. Traditional sports regimen ideas are not static, but with the development of the times constantly updated. With the development of modern medicine, physiology, traditional sports and health thinking constantly being challenged and updated. We promptly absorb the latest achievements of contemporary academia, traditional sports health research, enriching the traditional sports health ideology. References 1. Chandran, Avinash, et al. Time Trends in Incidence and Severity of Injury Among Collegiate Soccer Players in the United States NCAA Injury Surveillance System, 1990-1996 and 2004-2009. The American Journal of Sports Medicine 44.12 (2016): 3237-3242. 2. King, Laurie A., et al. Instrumenting the balance error scoring system for use with patients reporting persistent balance problems after mild traumatic brain injury. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation 95.2 (2014): 353-359. 3. Bergeron, Michael F. The National Youth Sports Health Safety Institute: a healthy and sustainable approach to youth sports. Current sports medicine reports 14.3 (2015): 153-154. 4. Holt, Nicholas L., ed. Positive youth development through sport. Routledge, 2016. 5. Garcia, Grant H., et al. Depression symptomatology and anterior cruciate ligament injury: incidence and effect on functional outcome-a prospective cohort study. The American journal of sports medicine 44.3 (2016): 572-579.

Admissions Essay - Medical School and Shopping :: Medicine College Admissions Essays

Admissions Essay -  Medical School and Shopping    My mom and I are the type of women who refuse to spend too much money for quality clothing. We are admittedly shopaholics. Our escapades can last for days and my mother always outlasts me! Well, always does not last forever. One day, my mother and I were on one of our short safaris. She had been complaining of headaches but, ever the trooper, she insisted we go (1-Day Sale, of course!). When we reached our destination my mother was dizzy and her head was pounding. Worried, I ushered her into a local drug store, where we found one of those standing blood pressure machines. My mother gave me a weak smile as I turned to sit down and wait for the results. That's when I heard the crash. My mother and the machine were keeling over in a horrid cascade of mom, machine and medicine. I rushed to her aid and desperately tried to keep her from completely falling onto the ground. My mother passed out due to extremely high blood pressure and I could do nothing about it. Throughout my academic care er, I had been sure of what I wanted to do for the rest of my life-be a doctor. I was not emotionally committed to this endeavor until that eight grade year when my mother and I were helpless.    Ever since that day, I have been on a mission. Determined to learn more, I actively researched my family's medical history. Finding that both sides record hypertension and cardiovascular disease as problems, I decided to delve deeper. This time I found that African Americans as a group historically suffer from those same complications. The more I learned, the more I fell in love with the intricacies of the circular system. Things such as, the components of the blood and their different duties, the specialized characteristics of cardiac muscles and the blood's bicarbonate buffer system all fascinated me as I traveled through course work. Book knowledge turned to field knowledge as I decided to pursue other avenues of understanding. I worked with the Red Cross Blood Drive in high school; carrying blood, helping the nurses and learning more. I interviewed three doctors; a cardiologist, an internist and an obstetrician-gynecologist to find out more about the profession and what it takes to be an M.D. Although the internist tried to dissuade me from pursuing he practice, I gleaned the good and the bad from all three doctors and judged for myself the validity of what I wanted to do.

Mobility essay Essay

The Unites States is the land of opportunities where people pursuit the American dream to have a better life. American life is built on the faith that it is possible to rise from humble origins to economic heights. In that case social mobility plays a big role in todays society. Social mobility refers to the ability to change the positions within a social stratification system. In other words, when people improve or decrease their economic status in the way that it affects their social class, they experience either pward or downward social mobility. With this in mind, the social mobility in United States appears to be stalled or in decline. One of the main reasons is poverty that is causing a decline. Furthermore, the rich-poor gap that widens also has an effect on mobility causing income inequality. Also, European social mobility is much better than that one in the United States. Some other factors that influence social mobility include race, income, mother and father occupation, and ethnicity. Certainly, one of the reasons why social mobility in United States appears to be talled or in decline is because of poverty. The higher the individual starts on the social ladder the more likely that individual will end up higher than where he or she first started. The more income the parents have will guarantee more opportunities for that person. According to Economic Mobility Project, 40% of Americans that are born in the bottom quintile remain stuck there as adults (â€Å"Upper bound†). That means that that almost half of that social group doesn’t change their position within a social stratification system. That doesn’t mean it is their fault because people that are poor start with a disadvantage. For example, according to Eric Wanner, president of the Russell Sage Foundation, â€Å"Upper-income families can invest more in their children’s education and they may have a better understanding of what it takes to get a good education. † (â€Å"Harder for Americans to Rise From Lower Rungs† by Jason DeParle). That means that a child that comes from a richer family has more educational opportunities than a child coming from the poor. Furthermore, a child oming from rich family will have a better understanding on how to succeed in school where on the other hand, child from poor family doesn’t have that opportunity. However, Just 8% of American men at the bottom rose to the top fifth. That shows that even though it is difficult it is still possible. Generally speaking, the rich-poor gap that widens also has an effect on mobility causing income inequality. As the gap between rich and the poor has widened since 1970, the odds that a child that is born in poverty will climb to wealth remain stuck. Same goes to child that is born rich will fall into middle class. One reason for mobility gap may be the depth of American poverty which leaves poor children starting especially far behind. Most of the time it is determined by the father and mother occupation. Based on the new data gathered by Bhashkar Mazumder of the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, he argued that 60% of a son’s income is determined by the level of income of the father. (â€Å"Goodbye, Horatio Alger†). This means that more than half of men are dependable on their father’s income. Furthermore, this shows that the higher the income ot parents, the more opportunities the child example, researchers now estimate the elasticity of father-son earnings at 0. 5%. That means that for every 1% increase in father’s income, his sons’ income will be increased or expected to increase by about 0. 5%. ((â€Å"Harder for Americans to Rise From Lower Rungs†). In other words, the better the income of the father, the better the income of the son. So the family background is very important in social mobility. In contrast, European social mobility is much better than that one in the United States. European countries have made serious investments to create equality of opportunity for all. According to Fareed Zakaria in â€Å"The downward path of upward mobility,† they have extremely good childhood health and nutrition programs, and they have far better public educations systems than the United States does. Furthermore, poor children compete on a more equal footing against the rich and in the United States poor children compete for better education few steps behind then others.

Donne’s Poetry Essay

This essay will look at the form, structure and content of â€Å"The Relic† in an attempt to offer an explanation as to what the poem is about. It will examine the metaphysical poets, and discuss the techniques employed by them to express their views. â€Å"The Relic† consists of three 11-line stanzas which incorporate tetrameter (four metrical feet), pentameter (five metrical feet) and two tri-meter (three metrical feet) lines per stanza. It is written mainly in iambic pentameter and has a rhyming pattern of aabbcddceee. This gives the poem a songlike quality which is associated with this type of lyric poetry. Each stanza is made up of a single sentence which, with the help of the meter, forces the first four lines of each verse to be read rapidly. The caesura then slows down the reading, causing the reader to reflect more deeply on what has been said. In the first line of â€Å"The Relic†, Donne uses images allied with death. This makes it easy for the reader to mistake the theme of the poem as being about dying. By using the personal pronoun ‘my’ (l. 1) placed alongside the noun ‘grave’ (l. 1) it is suggested that it is Donne’s own grave which is being made reference to, thus reinforcing the impression of a mournful poem. However, when Donne goes on to describe the exhumation of his and his lover’s corpses, after they have rotted away, the poem changes from embodying death to celebrating love. The reader becomes aware that although he is dead, death is not the true significance here. The move from death to love is introduced with: ‘A bracelet of bright hair about the bone,’ (l. 6). This line could be interpreted as a wedding ring joining the couple together; adding to the intensity of their love. However, this is explained in ‘The Funeral’ (p 309) as ‘a lock of hair tied about his arm’ (p 309). This explanation could detract from the power of the line. The line seems to have more potency without this knowledge, adding an extra dimension to the poem, so allowing the reader to draw their own conclusions about the relationship between the couple. The juxtaposition of a grave with a pair of lovers is a powerful, paradoxical metaphor that is shocking to the reader. This pairing would not automatically be seen as romantic but Donne succeeds in conveying this impression. By indicating that the gravedigger would ‘think that there a loving couple lies,’ (l. 8) after noticing the ‘bracelet of bright hair about the bone,’ (l.6), Donne successfully communicates that ‘The Relic’ is a poem about eternal love; love has survived beyond death. This collocation of opposing elements is a technique often employed by the metaphysical poets to express their thoughts and feelings. The metaphysical poets were influenced by Neo-Platonism ; a system of philosophical and theological doctrines . However, this highly abstract and over theoretical approach to poetry can make it less accessible; alienating a vast selection of readers. Poetry should not only be about intellectual superiority which, it could be argued, is often associated with the metaphysical poets. This appeared to be the view of Samuel Johnson, who was the first to label this generation of authors ‘The Metaphysical Poets’: The most heterogeneous ideas are yoked by violence together: nature and art are ransacked for illustrations, comparisons, and allusions; their learning instructs, and their subtilty surprises; but the reader commonly thinks his improvement dearly bought, and, though he sometimes admires, is seldom pleased. T. S. Eliot, whilst admitting the difficulty in defining metaphysical poetry, opposed Johnson’s view. When considering ‘Donne’s most successful and characteristic effects †¦ ’ he used sections of the line ‘A bracelet of bright hair about the bone,’ (l. 6) to illustrate his approval of their methods: †¦ the most powerful effect is produced by the sudden contrast of associations of ‘bright hair’ and ‘bone’. This telescoping of images and multiplied associations [†¦ ] is one of the sources of the vitality of their language. (p 1099) If we look again at line 8 of â€Å"The Relic†, it is noticeable that the gravedigger would only ‘think that there a loving couple lies,’ (l. 8). It would be logical to assume that a husband would be buried with his wife, so the use of ‘think’ (l. 8) is puzzling. By following this with the apparently polysemous ‘lies,’ (l. 8) the poem could be read differently, altering the entire meaning to suggest that their love was only a fantasy. Another characteristic of metaphysical poetry is its tendency to use religious imagery to express its views. Towards the end of the first stanza, â€Å"The Relic† introduces the concept of ‘their souls, at the last busy day,’ (l. 10). This has been interpreted as a veiled reference to  judgement day and leads the reader smoothly into the second stanza where the images of death are replaced with a high lexical density of religious vocabulary. Donne uses lexis such as ‘mis-devotion’ and ‘doth command’ (l. 13); ‘Bishop’ (l. 15); ‘relics’ (l. 16); ‘Mary Magdalen’ (l. 17); and ‘miracles’ (ll. 20-22) in order to extend the religious metaphor, introduced at the end of the first stanza, to evoke powerful images in the mind of the reader. Donne raises the question, in line 17, of who the ‘I’ really is here? It has been suggested, all through time, that Mary Magdalene was the wife of Jesus and perhaps even bore him a child. This idea of Mary Magdalene’s companion perhaps being Christ seems to be a concept that the metaphysical poets would enjoy debating; so adding a cerebral quality to their work. The line ‘All women shall adore us, and some men;’ (l. 19) juxtaposed with the repetition of ‘miracles’ (ll. 20-22) adds credence to the idea that Christ is lying beside Mary Magdalene, especially when the reader takes into account the reference to ‘harmless lovers’ (l. 22). The fact, that this couple ‘wrought’ (l. 22); which means moulded or formed; ‘miracles’ (l. 22) suggests that the ‘I’ (l.17) could be a reference to Jesus. The suggestion that when the couple are finally dug up they will be presented to ‘the Bishop and the King,’ (l. 15) further strengthens this connection with Christ. A Bishop (who is a senior member of Christian clergy) is thought to be a successor of the twelve Apostles of Christ by some churches, and a King is the ruler of a kingdom. Only the most important of people would be afforded the privilege of an audience before either of these men. In the first stanza it is automatically assumed that Donne is the man lying in his grave. This is simply because he is the author of the poem and he uses the possessive pronoun ‘my’ (l. 1) in the first line. This poses the question, if he was referring to Jesus, was Donne likening himself to Christ? The reader is left to wonder. There is a shift in focus from the overtly religious second stanza to a more reflective account of the couples love in the final stanza. It is implied, in the first line, that the relationship was not as perfect as previously indicated. The use of the adverb ‘First,’ (l. 23) placed before ‘we loved well and faithfully,’ (l. 23) could indicate that at a later date the couple did not love each other quite as honestly as they had once done. This is followed with what could be considered as a lament from someone who has lost their lover. The use of the past tense, with the verb ‘knew’ (l. 25) rather than ‘know’ seems to signify an ending to the relationship which has occurred whilst the couple were still alive. This is reinforced with the line: ‘nature, injured by late law, sets free: / These miracles we did;’ (ll. 30-31). Therefore the injuries caused by human law are more important than the ‘miracles’ (l. 31) of their love, which are insignificant as they are set ‘free’ (l. 31) or cast aside. This indicates their love was not strong enough to conquer the laws of their time. This could also be a further reference to Christ and Mary Magdalene as, had they had a relationship, they could both have been forced to forego their love for Christianity; an idea that Donne would perhaps want to offer up for consideration. In the final lines, if we take ‘measure’ (l. 32) to mean prosody (the study of poetic meter) and language to mean the lexis being used, the vocabulary seems to be reflective of the poem itself. These lines appear to say he feels he should communicate the information to others but is unsure whether he should tell others of the ‘miracle’ (l. 33) he feels the woman besides him was. As the poem is already doing this, it is playing a game with the reader. In conclusion, Donne uses specific poetic techniques in an effective and striking way. However, the reader often gets lost in trying to define exactly what he is trying to say. It could be argued that the power of poetry should lie in its subjectivity; each reader being able to take away what they want from the reading. After all, in the words of Cleanth Brooks : There is no ideal reader, of course, and I suppose that the practising critic can never be too often reminded of the gap between his reading and the â€Å"true† reading of the poem. (p. 1368) Bibliography Brooks, C. (1951) The Formalist Critics, The Norton Anthology Theory And Criticism, ed. Vincent B. Leitch, General Editor, (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc, 2001). Collins, W. (2005) Collins English Dictionary, Suffolk: HarperCollins Publishers Ltd. Conner, M. Dr. http://www. eng. fju. edu.tw/English_Literature/period/metaphysicals. html [accessed February 2008]. Eliot, T. S. (1921) The Metaphysical Poets, The Norton Anthology Theory And Criticism, ed. Vincent B. Leitch, General Editor, (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc, 2001). Johnson, S. (1783) From Lives of the English Poet, The Norton Anthology Theory And Criticism, ed. Vincent B. Leitch, General Editor, (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc, 2001). Princeton University. (2008) http://www. thefreedictionary. com/neoplatonism, (USA: Farlex, Inc) [ accessed February 2008].